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Topology, TQFT
PUBLISHED

Phason Holonomy and Defect-Enriched Topological Order in Quasicrystalline String Nets

Rihaan Shah
Updated 9/3/2026

Quasicrystals possess collective phason degrees of freedom whose natural configuration space is the tiling hull and its singular strata rather than ordinary physical space. This paper constructs a topological framework to determine when closed phason cycles induce non-Abelian unitaries on the topologically degenerate Hilbert spaces of two-dimensional intrinsic topological orders. The central object of study is a projective adiabatic representation ρph:π1(ΩQC∖Δ,λ0)→PU(Htop)\rho_{\text{ph}}: \pi_1(\Omega_{\text{QC}} \setminus \Delta, \lambda_0) \to \text{PU}(\mathcal{H}_{\text{top}})ρph​:π1​(ΩQC​∖Δ,λ0​)→PU(Htop​), defined over a finite-local-complexity tiling hull or approximant configuration space ΩQC\Omega_{\text{QC}}ΩQC​ with a discriminant locus Δ\DeltaΔ removed. By evaluating a hierarchy of models spanning toric code, quantum double D(S3)D(S_3)D(S3​), and Fibonacci Levin-Wen phases, we establish that defect-free local phason motion related by natural string-net recellulations yields at most an Abelian Berry phase. Conversely, non-Abelian holonomy arises when phason cycles enclose defects carrying nontrivial braided autoequivalences of the underlying anyon category, acting on Wilson-line algebras as twist-defect monodromies.

The paper Phason Holonomy and Defect-Enriched Topological Order in Quasicrystalline String Nets investigates whether collective phason degrees of freedom in two-dimensional quasicrystalline topological phases can generate nontrivial, non-Abelian unitaries on topologically degenerate Hilbert spaces. It formulates a projective adiabatic representation ρph:π1(ΩQC∖Δ,λ0)→PU(Htop)\rho_{\text{ph}}: \pi_1(\Omega_{\text{QC}} \setminus \Delta, \lambda_0) \to \text{PU}(\mathcal{H}_{\text{top}})ρph​:π1​(ΩQC​∖Δ,λ0​)→PU(Htop​) defined over the quasicrystalline tiling hull ΩQC\Omega_{\text{QC}}ΩQC​ with a discriminant locus Δ\DeltaΔ removed. By examining a hierarchy of topological phases—ranging from toric code on aperiodic cellulations to quantum double D(S3)D(S_3)D(S3​) and Fibonacci Levin-Wen models—the work establishes two primary results. First, defect-free local phason cycles associated with natural string-net recellulations preserve intrinsic topological sectors projectively, yielding at most an Abelian Berry phase. Second, nontrivial non-Abelian phason holonomy arises when phason defects carry non-trivial braided autoequivalences of the underlying anyon category, acting on Wilson-line algebras analogously to twist-defect monodromies. The core framework relies on mapping cut-and-project or substitution tiling spaces to an anyonic Berry bundle over the punctured hull ΩQC∖Δ\Omega_{\text{QC}} \setminus \DeltaΩQC​∖Δ. The discriminant set Δ=Δgeom∪Δϵspec∪Δdef\Delta = \Delta^{\text{geom}} \cup \Delta^{\text{spec}}_{\epsilon} \cup \Delta^{\text{def}}Δ=Δgeom∪Δϵspec​∪Δdef isolates gap closings, defect collisions, and singular tiling configurations where local matching rules fail. For the toric-code prototype on aperiodic graphs, extrinsic phason defects implementing e↔me \leftrightarrow me↔m duality carry a defect quantum dimension of 2\sqrt{2}2​, matching Ising-type twist defects. To track these operations rigorously, the manuscript introduces a homotopy-invariant phason-anyon trace observable P~(γ,a)=da−1TrHaUγ,a\tilde{\mathcal{P}}(\gamma, a) = d_a^{-1} \text{Tr}_{\mathcal{H}_a} U_{\gamma, a}P~(γ,a)=da−1​TrHa​​Uγ,a​. Numerical transport pipelines across periodic approximants and open patches confirm that while non-Abelian holonomy is not an intrinsic feature of defect-free quasicrystalline geometry, it provides a concrete mechanism for non-Abelian operations in defect-enriched topological phases.

Lead Researchers

R

Rihaan Shah

Research Fellow

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